Module
Personal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Educational material, not professional, tax or legal advice. Figures reflect Irish law as understood when written — check Revenue.ie or a qualified adviser before acting. Not affiliated with or endorsed by any professional body.
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- 01Tax funds choices, not just services
- 02Classify the tax before calculating it
- 03Fairness and efficiency are tests, not slogans
- 04Build an income-tax liability in layers
- 05Rate bands and credits do different jobs
- 06The full individual computation tells one story
- 07Deductions, charges and marginal-rate relief
- 08Personal credits cap the tax, not the facts
- 092026 law and 2027 horizon must stay separate
- 10Residence is counted in days
- 11Ordinary residence and domicile look deeper
- 12Status determines the income-tax net
- 13Irish residents with UK income
- 14Non-residents can still have Irish income
- 15Split-year treatment is narrow
- 16The remittance basis follows money and value
- 17Foreign employments require a duties map
- 18Treaty residence uses tie-breaker tests
- 19The domicile levy is a separate high-wealth test
- 20Cross-border advice ends with relief and compliance
- 21Trading income uses a current-year basis
- 22Turn accounting profit into taxable trade profit
- 23Badges of trade organise the facts
- 24Case I and Case II begin with the activity
- 25Revenue expenses satisfy purpose and timing
- 26Private and dual-purpose expenditure needs separation
- 27Stock and work in progress preserve matching
- 28Provisions and bad debts need item-level evidence
- 29Interest deductions follow the borrowing purpose
- 30Legal and professional fees take their character from the work
- 31Entertainment and gifts have specific restrictions
- 32Pre-trading costs and artists' exemption
- 33Commencement creates special basis periods
- 34Cessation and death close the timeline
- 35Basis periods connect accounts to tax years
- 36A change of accounting date can trigger review
- 37Farming smooths volatile years
- 38Farm averaging trades volatility for continuity
- 39Professionals may need work-in-progress adjustments
- 40Artists' exemption has scope and annual limits
- 41Cash receipts still need tax classification
- 42Loss planning starts with a clean profit computation
- 43Choose the trading-loss route deliberately
- 44Early-year and terminal losses look backward
- 45Carry-forward loss follows the same trade
- 46Sideways loss relief can consume broad income
- 47Opening losses look back only when conditions fit
- 48Terminal loss relief closes the final period
- 49Plant and machinery earns wear-and-tear allowance
- 50Motor-car allowances depend on emissions
- 51Balancing adjustments finish the asset story
- 52Industrial and farm buildings have their own lives
- 53Ownership and use open the allowance
- 54Cars use cost limits and emissions rules
- 55Accelerated allowances require a qualifying list
- 56Balancing charges prevent double relief
- 57Industrial buildings have qualifying-use tests
- 58Leasing and hire purchase split ownership from payment
- 59Capital allowances cannot create every loss
- 60Anti-avoidance targets artificial allowance claims
- 61Patents, know-how and quotas need their own regime
- 62Woodlands and mining separate income from capital
- 63Professions and vocations use evidence like trades
- 64A partnership computes once, then allocates
- 65Split the year when partnership terms change
- 66Partnership capital allowances follow allocation rules
- 67Partner salaries and interest are profit allocations
- 68Admission and retirement create two tax timelines
- 69Limited partnerships do not guarantee loss relief
- 70Rental income follows the property, not the bank
- 71Rental allowances and deficiencies stay ring-fenced
- 72Rent-a-room relief has a cliff edge
- 73Irish rent starts gross and deducts by rule
- 74Repairs restore; improvements create or enhance
- 75Rental losses remain in the property stream
- 76Short leases can convert premium to rent
- 77Assignees may claim a premium-related deduction
- 78Reverse premiums and inducements need classification
- 79Furniture allowances run for eight years
- 80Retrofit relief follows net qualifying spend
- 81Property allowances cannot shelter every income
- 82Trading lessors face ring-fenced allowances
- 83NLWT makes rent reporting transactional
- 84Non-resident landlords still compute Case V
- 85Development land can change income and gains
- 86LPT entered a new valuation cycle in 2026
- 87High-value LPT is progressive above EUR 2.1 million
- 88LPT exemptions and deferrals are different
- 89RZLT taxes mapped serviced land
- 90Case III catches foreign and specified income
- 91Foreign rent needs a property computation
- 92Foreign securities separate income from gains
- 93Remittances require account-level records
- 94Savings income: gross first, credit second
- 95DIRT is withholding, not always the final answer
- 96Case IV is a residual charge with specific rules
- 97Dividends are gross income with DWT
- 98DWT normally arrives at 25%
- 99Life policies and funds use a 38% individual rate from 2026
- 100Offshore funds begin with classification
- 101Employee or contractor? Substance wins
- 102Karshan supplies a five-step status framework
- 103Employment income follows the tax year
- 104Employment deductions are deliberately narrow
- 105Mileage, subsistence and PAYE
- 106Remote work expenses need statutory support
- 107Benefits turn private value into taxable pay
- 108Company-car BIK uses the 2026 category table
- 109Car business kilometres require working records
- 110Accommodation, assets, loans and insurance
- 111Preferential loans use the specified rate
- 112Small benefits require form, value and timing
- 113Employer health insurance creates pay and a credit route
- 114Share options now run through payroll
- 115Restricted and forfeitable shares defer or reduce value
- 116KEEP is conditional and commencement-sensitive
- 117Approved schemes change timing, not recordkeeping
- 118Termination payments: separate each component
- 119The basic termination exemption is unchanged in method
- 120SCSB rewards salary and service
- 121Termination relief has a EUR 200,000 lifetime ceiling
- 122SARP has a EUR 125,000 new-entrant threshold
- 123FED uses qualifying days and capped income
- 124Directors remain within payroll control
- 125Core 2026 personal credits
- 126SPCCC follows the qualifying child and carer
- 127Home Carer Credit depends on income and care
- 128Age, blind and dependent credits need evidence
- 129Incapacitated Child Credit follows incapacity tests
- 130Medical expenses use qualifying net cost
- 131Tuition-fee relief uses approved courses and limits
- 132Tax relief at source prevents double claims
- 133EII rewards qualifying risk capital
- 134SURE carries prior PAYE tax into a new business
- 135SCI supports family and founder capital
- 136Charges reduce total income before rates
- 137Rent Tax Credit runs through 2028
- 138Mortgage Interest Tax Credit is narrower in 2026
- 139Microgeneration has a EUR 400 exemption
- 140Couples can choose the assessment framework
- 141Marriage, separation and maintenance change allocation
- 142Joint assessment allocates bands and credits
- 143Pension relief uses age percentages and EUR 115,000 earnings
- 144Retirement funds and lump sums have lifetime controls
- 145CGT begins with person, asset and location
- 146Specified and exempt assets define the boundary
- 147The gain formula is a disciplined bridge
- 148Capital losses need their own ledger
- 149Spouses defer; connected persons use market value
- 150Part disposal uses A over A plus B
- 151Principal-private-residence relief follows occupation
- 152Share gifts use market value; disposals use identification
- 153Revised entrepreneur relief has a EUR 1.5 million lifetime limit
- 154Retirement relief starts at age 55
- 155Child-transfer deferral lasts twelve years
- 156Business succession coordinates CGT, CAT and stamp duty
- 157Individuals pay CGT in two windows
- 158Incorporation relief rolls a gain into shares
- 159Incorporation starts a new legal taxpayer
- 160Goodwill valuation drives several taxes
- 161Director's loan credit is not free money
- 162Stamp duty and VAT sit beside incorporation relief
- 163Class S changes rate during 2026
- 164Class A has employee and employer rate changes
- 165Class K and unearned income need status analysis
- 166USC has a EUR 13,000 gateway and four bands
- 167Non-PAYE income can reach 11% USC
- 168Reduced USC is enacted through 2027 for medical cards
- 169MyFutureFund started on 1 January 2026
- 170Payroll must coordinate pensions and auto-enrolment
- 171Individuals self-assess
- 172Income-tax dates and preliminary tax
- 173The 2026 ROS extension is conditional
- 174Preliminary tax has three familiar safe harbours
- 175Amendments and error corrections have time limits
- 176ROS is a control environment
- 177PAYE reporting happens on or before payment
- 178Emergency tax is a data failure signal
- 179Year-end payroll is a reconciliation, not a new return
- 180PSWT and RCT are payments on account
- 181PSWT is a gross withholding and credit system
- 182RCT rates reflect compliance status
- 183Avoidance, evasion and ethical mitigation
- 184GAAR asks whether a tax advantage is abusive
- 185From assurance check to Revenue audit
- 186Revenue interventions have three levels
- 187A qualifying disclosure changes the penalty
- 188Appeal the assessment, not the inconvenience
- 189Use a four-level source hierarchy
- 190Turn research into a reviewable computation
- 191Open the evidence before opening the spreadsheet
- 192A spreadsheet should reveal the tax logic
- 193Present the answer a reviewer can trust
- 194The 2027 update gate protects every answer
- 195Congratulations on completing the module