Module
Business Taxes
Business Taxes
Educational material, not professional, tax or legal advice. Figures reflect Irish law as understood when written — check Revenue.ie or a qualified adviser before acting. Not affiliated with or endorsed by any professional body.
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- 01Corporation tax is charged by accounting period
- 02A company is a separate taxpayer
- 03Residence determines the starting scope
- 04Irish incorporation normally creates residence
- 05Central management and control remains important
- 06Trading status is a factual and legal conclusion
- 07Trading income normally bears 12.5%
- 08Non-trading income normally bears 25%
- 09Schedule and Case labels still organise profits
- 10Accounting profit is only the starting point
- 11Company chargeable gains use CGT principles
- 12Ordinary company gains have an effective 33% charge
- 13Rates can differ inside one accounting period
- 14Pillar Two is a separate minimum-tax layer
- 15Form CT1 is the company self-assessment return
- 16Use a current source hierarchy
- 17Start with the signed profit before tax
- 18Remove non-trading sources from Case I
- 19Wholly and exclusively is the core expense test
- 20Capital expenditure is not a revenue deduction
- 21Depreciation is added back
- 22Repairs must be distinguished from improvements
- 23Bad debts require a trade and evidence
- 24Provisions require more than an accounting entry
- 25Business entertainment is disallowed
- 26Fines and penalties need classification
- 27Legal and professional fees follow purpose
- 28Remuneration must be incurred and evidenced
- 29Stock and work in progress use tax-consistent accounts
- 30Foreign currency differences follow their source
- 31Government grants require a scheme analysis
- 32Connected-party pricing must be arm's length
- 33Disclosure notes are tax evidence
- 34The taxable-profit bridge must reconcile
- 35Fixed and floating charges are different security
- 36Security does not decide tax deductibility
- 37Retention of title protects an unpaid seller
- 38Trading interest follows the trade-purpose test
- 39Rental interest belongs in the property computation
- 40Section 247 interest is a distinct relief route
- 41Recovery of capital can restrict interest relief
- 42Connected-person interest can become a distribution
- 43The interest limitation rule caps net borrowing costs
- 44Capital allowances replace accounting depreciation
- 45Industrial-building relief needs a qualifying use
- 46Balancing charges and allowances close the pool
- 47Specified intangibles use an 80% ring fence
- 48Balancing allowances on intangibles are also capped
- 49A charge on income is a statutory category
- 50Relevant trade charges relieve trading income
- 51Non-trade charges can displace carried losses
- 52Optimising charges requires cash and expiry checks
- 53Same-period trade loss relief is euro for euro
- 54A trade loss can carry back one period
- 55Value-basis relief is limited to 12.5% tax value
- 56Losses carry forward within the same trade
- 57Terminal loss relief uses final trade losses
- 58Charges can create or augment a trade loss
- 59Non-trade charges can affect carried-forward use
- 60Ownership change can restrict loss carryforward
- 61Dormant and revived trades need continuity analysis
- 62Foreign trade losses use separate rules
- 63Irish rental losses stay in the rental source
- 64Foreign rental losses are separately pooled
- 65Capital losses relieve chargeable gains
- 66Group relief needs a 75% relationship
- 67Group relief is limited to the common period
- 68Claims and consents must be valid
- 69Loss ordering should be shown, not implied
- 70Loss planning must have commercial substance
- 71Identify the intellectual-property right
- 72Registration depends on the right
- 73Legal protection and tax ownership differ
- 74IP licensing may be trade or investment
- 75Specified-intangible relief follows section 291A
- 76The intangible deduction is capped at 80%
- 77R&D requires advancement and uncertainty
- 78The 2026 R&D credit rate is 35%
- 79The first R&D instalment can reach EUR 87,500
- 80R&D claims have a 12-month deadline
- 81Subcontracted and university R&D are limited
- 82Key-employee R&D relief needs current-law checking
- 83KDB links profit to qualifying R&D
- 84KDB currently gives a 10% effective rate
- 85KDB has a 2027 expiry gate
- 86Film credit requires certification
- 87Digital-games credit has its own regime
- 88Start-up company relief remains date-sensitive
- 89Company gains begin with the asset disposal
- 90Allowable cost follows CGT principles
- 91Indexation is frozen and cannot create a loss
- 92Company capital losses stay with gains
- 93Connected disposals use market value
- 94Interest capitalised in accounts needs a tax choice
- 95A company gets no personal annual exemption
- 96Share-disposal exemption has strict conditions
- 97Foreign currency affects acquisition and disposal
- 98Part disposals allocate historic cost
- 99Insurance proceeds can trigger a disposal
- 100Development land has special restrictions
- 101Group transfers can be no gain no loss
- 102The gain must reconcile to the CT return
- 103Tax distributions are wider than dividends
- 104Dividends are not deductible by the payer
- 105DWT is generally 25%
- 106DWT exemptions require declarations
- 107DWT has a monthly return cycle
- 108Irish intercompany dividends are generally exempt
- 109Foreign dividends can use participation exemption
- 110The 2026 territory scope is wider
- 111Distributions in specie use market value
- 112Scrip dividends still trigger DWT
- 113Undervalue transfers can be distributions
- 114Repayment of share capital is not automatically tax free
- 115Purchase of own shares can receive CGT treatment
- 116Salary extraction requires payroll
- 117Interest extraction needs debt substance
- 118Pension funding has separate conditions
- 119Loans are not a permanent extraction solution
- 120Cash extraction advice compares all taxes
- 121Withholding starts with the payment type
- 122Patent royalties can require 20% withholding
- 123Interest withholding is generally 20%
- 124Short interest may differ from yearly interest
- 125EU interest and royalties relief is conditional
- 126Treaty relief may reduce withholding
- 127Outbound-payment measures can deny exemptions
- 128Loans to participators use grossing up
- 129Loan tax is reported on CT1
- 130Repayment can support a loan-tax refund
- 131Write-off taxes the borrower
- 132Relevant contracts tax is a separate system
- 133Professional services withholding is creditable
- 134Non-resident rent has its own withholding route
- 135DWT is not the tax on royalties and interest
- 136Withholding accounting records gross expense
- 137Gross-up clauses alter the cash cost
- 138The withholding file must be audit ready
- 139Close-company rules protect the income-tax base
- 140Five or fewer participators can control
- 141A participator has broad economic rights
- 142Associates widen the relationship test
- 143Public and widely held companies can be excluded
- 144Benefits to participators can be distributions
- 145Business use can prevent a participator distribution
- 146Trust assets can be treated as company benefits
- 147Directors' loan accounts need transaction detail
- 148Excess director interest can be a distribution
- 149Undervalue transfers create multiple charges
- 150Participator loans trigger section 438
- 151The small employee-loan exclusion is narrow
- 152Ordinary-course lending can be excluded
- 153Investment-income surcharge is 20%
- 154Service-company surcharge uses half the income
- 155Distributions within 18 months reduce surcharge
- 156Commercial retention can still carry surcharge
- 157Planning must consider shareholder tax
- 158Close-company controls need annual sign-off
- 159Current tax starts with taxable profits
- 160Deferred tax uses temporary differences
- 161Measure at expected reversal rates
- 162Deferred-tax assets need recoverability
- 163The effective-tax reconciliation explains the rate
- 164FRS 102 and IFRS are not identical
- 165FRS 102 changes apply from 2026
- 166IFRS uncertain tax uses IFRIC 23
- 167FRS 102 uncertain tax needs framework judgement
- 168Tax balances require audit evidence
- 169Audit adjustments need a clear misstatement
- 170Amended accounts can change the tax return
- 171Corporation tax uses full self-assessment
- 172Small companies use month 11 preliminary tax
- 173Large companies pay in months 6 and 11
- 174New companies can defer first preliminary tax
- 175CT1 and balance are due in month 9
- 176Late payment interest is daily
- 177Late returns create a tax surcharge
- 178Late returns restrict reliefs
- 179Error-or-mistake relief has limits
- 180An expression of doubt must be genuine
- 181Company secretaries can face statutory penalties
- 182CT1 preparation begins with master data
- 183CT1 claims must agree to computations
- 184iXBRL is part of the return process
- 185Draft iXBRL accounts are not accepted from 2026
- 186Records must support every return figure
- 187Participation exemption is elective and evidenced
- 188Foreign branch exemption needs a separate election check
- 189Transfer pricing covers domestic and cross-border cases
- 190CFC rules attribute undistributed foreign income
- 191Anti-hybrid rules neutralise mismatches
- 192Pillar Two targets a 15% jurisdictional ETR
- 193Outbound payments need defensive-measure screening
- 194Mandatory disclosure can apply to tax arrangements
- 195State-aid conditions can delay incentives
- 196Tax technology needs controlled data
- 197Professional ethics governs tax advice
- 198Reasonable care is evidenced, not asserted
- 1992026 is current and 2027 is controlled
- 200Run the 2027 legislative update gate
- 201Congratulations on completing the module